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KMID : 0525619970020030049
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1997 Volume.2 No. 3 p.49 ~ p.59
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Antihypertensive and Antihyperlipemic Actions of Chitosan
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Hiromichi Okuda
Hideo Kato/Takahiro Tsujita
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Abstract
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The effect of dietary fibers on the hypertensive action of NaCl was examined by administration of a high salt diet containing alginic acid, which readily absorbs cations or chitosan, which readily absorbs anions, to normotensive rats and SHRSP (Stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats) for 40 days. Addition of alginic acid to the high salt diet increased the amount of sodium and the addition of chitosan increased the amount of chloride in the feces of normotensive rats. Addition of chitosan to the high salt diet resulted in a significantly lower systolic blood pressure than addition of alginic acid in both groups. Serum ACE(angiotensin converting enzyme)was significantly reduced in SHRSP fed with the high salt diet containing chitosan. Serum chloride ion was lower in the normotensive rats fed with the high salt diet containing chitosan than alginic acid. In humans, the high salt diet increased the systolic blood pressure and serum ACE activity and chloride concentration after 1 h and oral administration of chitosan inhibited these increases. It also reduced the serum bicarbonate level after 1 h, but did not affect the sodium concentration. Serum ACE in humans was found to be stimulated by chloride ion. These results suggest that chitosan prevents increase in the systolic blood pressure of humans induced by high salt intake by inhibiting intestinal absorption of chloride, an activator of ACE. Based on these results, the relationship between serum ACE and chloride concentration was discussed. Chitosan was found to inhibit strongly hydrolysis of triolein emulsified with soybean phosphatidylcholine by pancreatic lipases at its dose of 10yg/ml. Chitosan, however, failed to inhibit the hydrolysis of triolein emulsified with gum arabic. In vivo, oral administration of chitosan to rats reduced the plasma triglyceride concentration. Based on these results, antihyperlipemic action of chitosan was discussed.
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KEYWORD
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